You can attach just the MDF file in SQL Server to move a database

Moving a database in SQL Server can be done by:

1. Offlining the database
2. Copying the MDF file
3. Attaching the datafile at the new server

You do this by  calling the sp_attach_single_file_db procedure

i.e.
exec sp_attach_single_file_db @dbname='MY_DB', @physname='H:\SQL2\MY_DB.mdf'

SQL Server will automatically create a new logfile